Diabetic retinopathy refers to an eye disease that can lead to vision loss and potential blindness in people diagnosed with diabetes. The condition is triggered by high blood sugar which damages blood vessels in the retina.


The Two Forms of Diabetic Retinopathy


NPDR (non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy)

NPDR occurs when small blood vessels leak leading to swelling in the retina. The macula, the part of the retina at the back of your eye, swells causing macular edema. There is a high possibility that the blood vessels will shut down leading to macular ischemia. As a result, blood cannot enter the macula and your vision begins to suffer. 


PDR (proliferative diabetic retinopathy)

PDR is more complex and a dangerous form of diabetic retinopathy. It affects both your central and peripheral vision. Neovascularization results causing the retina to grow new blood vessels. It is common for the vessels to bleed into the vitreous and prevent you from being able to see anything. Unfortunately, the blood vessels can also create scar tissue resulting in a detached retina.


Symptoms

If you were recently diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy you may start to have trouble reading, seeing objects at long distances or experience vision discrepancies. Common signs to look out for include:


  1. Blurred vision
  2. Floaters
  3.  Blank or dark spots in your vision
  4. Colors fading
  5. Trouble seeing at night
  6. Eye strain
  7. Flashing lights
  8. Redness
  9. Blindness


According to the CDC, these symptoms are most common in one-third of adults over age 40 years old with diabetes. The demographics most affected include African Americans and Mexican Americans.


Treatments

If you were recently diagnosed, your healthcare provider may suggest to wait a while before taking action to gage how your eyesight is doing over a period of time. It is common to require frequent eye exams to monitor the progress. If your vision worsens the following treatment options may be recommended:


  • Injections: It may be recommended to inject medicine such as corticosteroids in your eye to prevent the disease from spreading at a quicker rate. This may help with improving vison in the short term.
  • Laser surgery: A laser is used to shrink blood vessels to prevent them from causing permanent vision damage. This also reduces swelling in the macula.


If you were recently diagnosed with diabetes, Contact our office and request an appointment at one of our locations.


Call 516-785-3900 (Wantagh office) or 516-541-4141 (Massapequa office) to schedule an appointment. Our ophthalmologists will talk with you about your vision complications and the best options for you.


Sources: CDCAmerican Academy of OphthalmologyNational Eye Institute


By Bob Berendsen July 1, 2026
What you eat doesn’t just affect your energy or heart health. It also plays a major role in how well your eyes function over time. While periodic eye exams are important for protecting your vision, a healthy diet can support long-term eye health and may minimize the chances of certain vision problems as you age. At your eye care provider, we often remind patients that healthy vision starts from the inside out. How Nutrition Impacts Eye Health Your vision depends on a steady supply of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to stay healthy. Poor nutrition can contribute to issues such as dry eyes, night vision difficulties, and a higher risk of conditions such as cataracts or age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A balanced diet may help protect delicate eye tissues from oxidative stress- and inflammation-induced damage. Key nutrients like vitamins A, C, and E, along with omega-3 fatty acids and zinc, all play important roles in preserving clear, comfortable vision. Best Foods for Healthy Vision Leafy Green Vegetables Spinach, kale, and collard greens are loaded with lutein and zeaxanthin—two powerful antioxidants that help filter harmful blue light and protect the retina. Benefits include: Reduced risk of macular degeneration Better protection against light damage Long-term retinal health support Carrots and Orange Vegetables Carrots, sweet potatoes, and pumpkins contain high amounts of beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. This nutrient is essential for good night vision and comprehensive eye function. They help support: Clear low-light vision Healthy corneas Reduced risk of dry eyes Fatty Fish Salmon, tuna, mackerel, and sardines are fantastic sources of omega-3 fatty acids. These healthy fats support the oil layer of your tears and help prevent dry eye symptoms. They may help with: Eye moisture and comfort Reduced inflammation Retinal health support Citrus Fruits and Berries Oranges, grapefruits, strawberries, and blueberries have high counts of vitamin C and antioxidants. These nutrients shield the eyes from oxidative stress and may slow age-related damage. Benefits include: Stronger blood vessels in the eyes Lower risk of cataracts Overall antioxidant protection Nuts and Seeds Almonds, walnuts, flaxseeds, and chia seeds provide vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids that help protect eye cells from damage. They support: Long-term eye cell health Reduced inflammation Protection from age-related vision changes Foods That Promote Long-Term Vision Care No single food can guarantee perfect vision, but a consistent, well-rounded diet rich in eye-friendly nutrients can create a meaningful difference. Combining healthy eating with protective measures like UV-blocking sunglasses and regular eye exams provides the best defense for your vision. When Diet Isn’t Enough Even with a healthy diet, vision changes can still occur due to age, genetics, or underlying eye conditions. If you notice blurry vision, increased dryness, difficulty seeing at night, or changes in how you see colors and light, it’s important to schedule a comprehensive eye exam. Early detection is key in handling conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration before they significantly affect your vision. Supporting Your Vision From the Inside Out Nutrition is a powerful way to maintain healthy eyes, but it works best as part of a complete eye care routine. Eating a variety of colorful, nutrient-rich foods can help keep your eyes functioning at their best for years to come. If you’re concerned about your vision or want to learn more about preserving your eye health, plan a visit with your eye care provider today.
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